Basically what Nintendo did on one of their schemes to prevent unauthorized software (Famicom Disk System, which was a floppy disk drive for the Japanese version of the NES). This was the physical Nintendo logo embossed on to floppy disk and with a flat disk instead, the disk can’t be physically loaded (sort of, you can add extra cut outs). Other game systems required a logo or similar other brand/trademark/IP to be present in the game code in order to boot, so if you wanted to make your own game without Nintendo’s blessing, you had to invlude their IP in your physical disk or in the game code just to get it to boot. This BMW patent seems to be in the spirit of those hard and software protections that prevent people from doing what they want with the hardware (car) they bought.

It appears that it shall be known as the Dalacos Paradox: using something as an example of something that is best ignored or forgotten, thus increasing its attention and preventing it from being forgotten.

EDIT: I found “boomerang effect”, which I think captures this in that you get the opposite of the intended behavior although this seems to be focused more on persuasion rather than bringing attention to something that you don’t want to get attention.

An non political example might be “this book/movie/picture/song is so bad that no one should read/watch/see/hear it”, thus brining attention to it and causing more people to read/watch/see/hear it than would have had it not been mentioned. Most of the stuff I was finding that sounded close seemed to be not quite right (related to persuasion or in the context of counter examples).

I think this was mostly answered in the other comments, so I’ll mention another category of people: felons although perhaps they fall in to the desperate people category because many employers do simple background checks on people and purposefully avoid hiring felons, thus the job prospects of felons is limited.

Why don’t companies hire them? I assume due to perception from that company’s customers, current/potential employees who wouldn’t want to work with felons, and associated risks (depending on the nature of the crime and the business of course).

I know of a company that specifically advertises that they hire felons and that they’re absecind chance employer to help people get their life back together. As far as I understand it’s mostly manual labor and factory type work and I assume they pay less than their competitors, so would have less operating costs. If this is the case, wouldn’t more businesses want to do so?

It may not be overall beneficial. They may attract some customers as they advertise how they’re helping people and by using their services, you’re helping people get their life on track, but they may also lose some customers. For some positions, hiring can be difficult for any company and this may make filling those positions even more difficult/costly such that savings aren’t worth it.

Generally if there’s an easy way to make money/more profit, it would be prevalent, so there’s probably down sides (thst are not necessarily apparent) that out weigh the benefits or people are not trying to maximize profit for some reason (possibly due to bias resulting in incorrect assessments).

It could be, but they seem to get through Cloudflare’s JS. I don’t know if that’s because Cloudflare is failing to flag them for JS verification or if they specifically implement support for Cloudflare’s JS verification since it’s so prevalent. I think it’s probably due to an effective CPU time budget. For example, Google Bot (for search indexing) runs JS for a few seconds and then snapshots the page and indexes it in that snapshot state, so if your JS doesn’t load and run fast enough, you can get broken pages / missing data indexed. At least that’s how it used to work. Anyway, it could be that rather than a time cap, the crawlers have a CPU time cap and Anubis exceeds it whereas Cloudflare’s JS doesn’t – if they did use a cap, they probably set it high enough to bypass Cloudflare given Cloudflare’s popularity.

Is there a particular piece? I’ll comment on what I think are the key points from his article:

1. Wasted energy.

2. It interferes with legitimate human visitors in certain situations. Simple example would be wanting to download a bash script via curl/wget from a repo that’s using Anubis.

3A) It doesn’t strictly meet the requirement of a CAPTCHA (which should be something a human can do easily, but a computer cannot) and the theoretical solution to blocking bots is a CAPTCHA.

and very related

3B) It is actually not that computationally intensive and there’s no reason a bot couldn’t do it.

Maybe there were more, but those are my main takeaways from the article and they’re all legit. The design of Anubis is in many respects awful. It burns energy, breaks (some) functionality for legitimate users, unnecessarily challenges everyone, and probably the worst of it, it is trivial for the implementer of a crawling system to defeat.

I’ll cover wasted energy quickly – I suspect Anubis wastes less electricity than the site would waste servicing bot requests, granted this is site specific as it depends on the resources required to service a request and the rate of bot requests vs legitimate user requests. Still it’s a legitimate criticism.

So why does it work and why am I a fan? It works simply because crawlers haven’t implemented support to break it. It would be quite easy to do so. I’m actually shocked that Anubis isn’t completely ineffective already. I actually was holding out bothering testing it out because I had assumed that it would be adopted rather quickly by sites and given the simplicity in which it can be defeated, that it would be defeated and therefore useless.

I’m quite surprised for a few reasons that it hasn’t been rendered ineffective, but perhaps the crawler operators have decided that it doesn’t make economic sense. I mean if you’re losing say 0.01% (I have no idea) of web content, does that matter for your LLMs? Probably if it was concentrated in niche topic domains where a large amount of that niche content was inaccessible, then they would care, but I suspect that’s not the case. Anyway while defeating Anubis is trivial, it’s not without a (small) cost and even if it is small, it simply might not be worth it.

I think there may also be a legal element. At a certain point, I don’t see how these crawlers aren’t in violation of various laws related to computer access. What i mean is, these crawlers are in fact accessing computer systems without authorization. Granted, you can take the point of view that the act of connecting a computer to the internet is implying consent, that’s not the way the laws are, at least in the countries I’m familiar with. Things like robots.txt can sort of be used to inform what is/isn’t allowed to be accessed, but it’s a separate request and mostly used to help with search engine indexing, not all sites use it, etc. Something like Anubis is very clear and in your face, and I think it would be difficult to claim that a crawler operator specifically bypassed Anubis in a way that was not also unauthorized access.

I’ve dealt with crawlers as part of devops tasks for years and years ago it was almost trivial to block bots with a few heuristics that would need to be updated from time to time or temporarily added. This has become quite difficult and not really practical for people running small sites and probably even for a lot of open source projects that are short on people. Cloudflare is great, but I assure you, it doesn’t stop everything. Even in commercial environments years ago we used Cloudflare enterprise and it absolutely blocked some, but we’d get tons of bot traffic that wasn’t being blocked by Cloudflare. So what do you do if you run a non-profit, FOSS project, or some personal niche site that doesn’t have the money or volunteer time to deal with bots as they come up and those bots are using legitimate user-agents coming from thousands of random IPs (including residential! – it used to be you could block some data center ASNs in a particular country until it stopped).

I guess the summary is, bot blocking could be done substantially better than what Anubis does and with less down side for legitimate users, but it works (for now), so maybe we should only concern ourselves with the user hostile aspect of it at this time – preventing legitimate users from doing legitimate things. With existing tools, I don’t know how else someone running a small site can deal with this easily, cheaply, without introducing things like account sign ups, and without violating people’s privacy. I have some ideas related to this that could offer some big improvements, but I have a lot of other projects I’m bouncing between.

I like forums, but maybe I’m part of the problem. I’ve read a forum obsessively for years without registering an account. Even when I have an account, I rarely post/comment. I’ve been reading Lemmy almost daily for over a year before registering an account and don’t reply much even with an account. Decentralization starts with individuals, so I’m going to try to add signal to the fediverse.

I generally prefer the traditional flat forum UI with oldest first, but that’s mostly a client issue. The problem though is if others are using a different UI the conversation may flow differently (think threaded vs flat forums).

RE karma, a lot of forums show post counts and like counts next to their forum profile, which is often included in every reply, so in some ways, the likes (karma) was a little more in your face. I think there was less astro turfing due to scope of benefit. What I mean is that while traditional forums were decentralized, so was the account and its reputation, so karma (like/post count) farming was isolated to that specific forum/community and if you were astro turfing, you’d get banned and lose that and could not transsfer that to other forums. Services like reddit effectively make this transferrable between forums. I’m concerned about how this will play out as decentralized platforms grow. It could be worse than reddit. I’ve been trying to come up with ways to handle this, but I can find flaws in every idea I’ve had so far.

A friend (works in IT, but asks me about server related things) of a friend (not in tech at all) has an incredibility low traffic niche forum. It was running really slow (on shared hosting) due to bots. The forum software counts unique visitors per 15 mins and it was about 15k/15 mins for over a week. I told him to add Cloudflare. It dropped to about 6k/15 mins. We excitemented turning Cloudflare off/on and it was pretty consistent. So then I put Anubis on a server I have and they pointed the domain to my server. Traffic drops to less than 10/15 mins. I’ve been experimenting with toggling on/off Anubis/Cloudflare for a couple months now with this forum. I have no idea how the bots haven’t scrapped all of the content by now.

TLDR: in my single isolated test, Cloudflare blocks 60% of crawlers. Anubis blocks presumably all of them.

Also if anyone active on Lemmy runs a low traffic personal site and doesn’t know how or can’t run Anubis (eg shared hosting), I have plenty of excess resources I can run Anubis for you off one of my servers (in a data center) at no charge (probably should have some language about it not being perpetual, I have the right to terminate without cause for any reason and without notice, no SLA, etc). Be aware that it does mean HTTPS is terminated at my Anubis instance, so I could log/monitor your traffic if I wanted as well, so that’s a risk you should be aware of.

Since you mentioned an upscaler, I’m assuming you got an old digital (LCD/Plasma/LED) TV that still had a few analog input types (my last couple TVs were lacking on analog inputs). A retro console upscaler probably has better results than your TV, but you can still use an analog switch box before the upscaler. Rather than spend a lot on multiple retro upscalers, spend much less on 1 upscaler and quality analog switch box(es).

Assuming the old Sony TV is CRT. The answer is still analog switch boxes but without an upscaler.

Most analog switch boxes can be used for analog audio, most will also be fine for non-optical digital audio. For optical, there are toslink switch boxes, but an audio receiver with multiple optical inputs is what I have.

EDIT: HDMI mods if they are taking the raw digital output rather than just being internal upscalers are an option, but depending on how authentic you want to be, the analog output circuits also affect the output and so an HDMI mod that bypasses the analog output would lose that.

Depending on your comfort level, you may want to do what I’m in the process of doing. I’m still waiting on parts, but this will work for my heating system.

I have old 2 wire thermostats in a few places I want to replace. I have hot water baseboard heat with multiple heating zones. I couldn’t find an existing solution that worked the way I wanted and was reasonably priced, so I decided to make my own. This only works for single stage systems and for which exhaust fans, circulation pumps, or other components are controlled by the heating system generally and not by a single specific thermostat, which if you have those old mechanical 2 wire thermostats is almost certainty the case. You could do more sophisticated, but I don’t need to.

All I need is a relay (controlled by HA) to simulate the thermostat turning on/off. I also need some way to tell it when to turn it on/off (such as a temp sensor), again lots of options with HA.

This can be done in a variety of ways, but I’m using nodemcu boards (they have wifi onboard) and esphome firmware. I’ve used this combination for a number of HA integrations so far. Near my boiler where all of the old thermostats connect will be a nodemcu board with multiple independently controlled relays (for each thermostat to control the individual heating zones).

The 2 wires that go to my old thermostats will be power supply for separate nodemcu boards, which will be in a 3d printed case along with buttons, display, and (in one room) will also include a temp/humidity sensor since I don’t already have one there. The other locations already have more sophisticated air quality sensors that include temp/humidity, so no need to duplicate, although maybe I will for redundancy.

It is. I remember reading it in a guide (pretty sure the one this screen shot is from as it looks very familiar). I was able to do it a couple times, but it required enough precision / luck that it wasn’t worth doing IMO.